• Latest
  • Trending
  • All
  • News
  • TV/Radio Deals
  • Film partnerships
  • New appointments
  • Production
  • TV Channels
Can MENA broadcasters share the train set?

Can MENA broadcasters share the train set?

March 7, 2012
The Future Group AS announces Pixotope V 1.5

The Future Group AS announces Pixotope V 1.5

April 12, 2021
LTN Global launches signalling solution for national linear TV advertising

LTN Global launches signalling solution for national linear TV advertising

April 12, 2021
Digital MIPTV opens today

Digital MIPTV opens today

April 12, 2021
Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 2

Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 4

April 12, 2021
WatchiT announces Ramadan line-up with discounted subscription offers

WatchiT announces Ramadan line-up with discounted subscription offers

April 12, 2021
SynProNize takes ATV’s Turkish drama series ‘Hercai’ to Pakistan

SynProNize takes ATV’s Turkish drama series ‘Hercai’ to Pakistan

April 12, 2021
Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 2

Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 3

April 11, 2021
Palestinian short film ‘The Present’ wins Bafta

Palestinian short film ‘The Present’ wins Bafta

April 11, 2021
2021 set to be year of programmatic advertising: Hoppr

2021 set to be year of programmatic advertising: Hoppr

April 11, 2021
UAE announces two new astronauts, including the first Arab woman astronaut

UAE announces two new astronauts, including the first Arab woman astronaut

April 11, 2021
Zee Plus enters into co-production partnership with Tokyo Broadcasting System

Zee Plus enters into co-production partnership with Tokyo Broadcasting System

April 11, 2021
New film commission to promote KSA’s AlUla county as filming destination

New film commission to promote KSA’s AlUla county as filming destination

April 10, 2021
  • Advertise
  • Subscribe
  • Magazine Archive
  • Directory
  • Contact
Monday, April 12, 2021
BroadcastPro ME
  • News
    • All
    • TV/Radio Deals
    • Film partnerships
    • New appointments
    • Production
    • Mergers/Acquisitions
    • Satellite/Comms
    • AV
    • OTT/Video Streaming
    • International News
    • Analyst Reports
    • Satellite/Broadcasting
    Digital MIPTV opens today

    Digital MIPTV opens today

    WatchiT announces Ramadan line-up with discounted subscription offers

    WatchiT announces Ramadan line-up with discounted subscription offers

    SynProNize takes ATV’s Turkish drama series ‘Hercai’ to Pakistan

    SynProNize takes ATV’s Turkish drama series ‘Hercai’ to Pakistan

    Palestinian short film ‘The Present’ wins Bafta

    Palestinian short film ‘The Present’ wins Bafta

    2021 set to be year of programmatic advertising: Hoppr

    2021 set to be year of programmatic advertising: Hoppr

    UAE announces two new astronauts, including the first Arab woman astronaut

    UAE announces two new astronauts, including the first Arab woman astronaut

    Zee Plus enters into co-production partnership with Tokyo Broadcasting System

    Zee Plus enters into co-production partnership with Tokyo Broadcasting System

    New film commission to promote KSA’s AlUla county as filming destination

    New film commission to promote KSA’s AlUla county as filming destination

    Synergy releases official promo of ‘El Ekhteyar-2’

    Synergy releases official promo of ‘El Ekhteyar-2’

    Bollywood actor Shreyas Talpade launches OTT platform for theatre

    Bollywood actor Shreyas Talpade launches OTT platform for theatre

    Trending Tags

    • broadcast
    • MENA broadcast
    • ConnecTech2019
  • Tech Features
    • All
    • CASE STUDIES
    • TV/Radio Deals
    • REVIEWS
    • New Media
    From Adversity to Prosperity – CEO Panel

    From Adversity to Prosperity – CEO Panel

    Back to the future – Tech Panel

    Back to the future – Tech Panel

    What to expect in 2021 for broadcast industry! The experts speak

    What to expect in 2021 for broadcast industry! The experts speak

    Piracy – Unravelling the maze

    Piracy – Unravelling the maze

    Strategies to win the OTT race

    Strategies to win the OTT race

    The OTT journey – Learning from the experts

    The OTT journey – Learning from the experts

    Vox Pop Part One: Visualising the AR roadmap

    Vox Pop Part Two: Visualising the AR roadmap

    Vox Pop Part One: Visualising the AR roadmap

    Vox Pop Part One: Visualising the AR roadmap

    Premier League scraps pay-per-view model following backlash

    Premier League scraps pay-per-view model following backlash

    Shaping audio for broadcast

    Shaping audio for broadcast

    Trending Tags

    • Videos
      Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 2

      Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 4

      Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 2

      Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 3

      Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 2

      Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 2

      Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 1

      Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 1

      ASBU BroadcastPro ME Summit & Awards 2020

      ASBU BroadcastPro ME Summit & Awards 2020

      Y&C’s presents Back To The Books

      JTBC Studios presents Korean drama ‘The Good Detective’

      JTBC Studios presents Korean drama ‘The Good Detective’

      JTBC Studios Presents the Korean Drama ‘Graceful Friends’

      JTBC Studios Presents the Korean Drama ‘Graceful Friends’

      FormatEast Presents the Korean Entertainment ‘Lotto Singer’

      FormatEast Presents the Korean Entertainment ‘Lotto Singer’

    • Opinion
      Celebrating growth with BroadcastPro ME’s tenth anniversary

      Gearing up for a new normal in sports and broadcasting

      New normal inspires fresh storylines and alternative filming strategies

      The BroadcastPro awards and conferences : Taking it one step at a time

      AVOD: The best model for OTT success?

      AVOD: The best model for OTT success?

      Mobile LTE is key to simple and reliable live video contribution

      Mobile LTE is key to simple and reliable live video contribution

      How entertainment networks are fighting the pandemic

      How entertainment networks are fighting the pandemic

      New normal inspires fresh storylines and alternative filming strategies

      New normal inspires fresh storylines and alternative filming strategies

      Reviewing video content in the wake of Covid-19

      Reviewing video content in the wake of Covid-19

      Made in the UAE – with pride

      Made in the UAE – with pride

      Failing to prepare: Preparing to fail. Again?

      Failing to prepare: Preparing to fail. Again?

      Celebrating growth with BroadcastPro ME’s tenth anniversary

      Celebrating growth with BroadcastPro ME’s tenth anniversary

    • Interviews
      • All
      • Lounge
      In conversation with Abe Shady Aboul Naga, GM, Viu ME, PCCW Media Company

      In conversation with Abe Shady Aboul Naga, GM, Viu ME, PCCW Media Company

      Kaveh Farnam’s reel story

      Kaveh Farnam’s reel story

      Vox Pop Part One: Visualising the AR roadmap

      Vox Pop Part Two: Visualising the AR roadmap

      Vox Pop Part One: Visualising the AR roadmap

      Vox Pop Part One: Visualising the AR roadmap

      Will Covid-19 drive broadcasters into adopting IP?

      Will Covid-19 drive broadcasters into adopting IP?

      Vox Pop: The Road To IP

      Vox Pop: The Road To IP

      Let’s Tok Business: How TikTok is navigating the Middle East market

      Let’s Tok Business: How TikTok is navigating the Middle East market

      COVID-19: Its impact on the media world – Part II

      COVID-19: Its impact on the media world – Part II

      COVID-19: Its impact on the media world – Part I

      COVID-19: Its impact on the media world – Part I

      OSN: Back with a Bang

      OSN: Back with a Bang

    • Products
    • Magazine Archive
    • Events
      • Upcoming Events
      • News from Events

      BroadcastAsia 2021

      Cabsat 2021

      Cabsat 2021

      Future of Sports Broadcasting Summit 2021

      Future of Sports Broadcasting Summit 2021

      ASBU BroadcastPro ME Summit & Awards 2020

      ASBU BroadcastPro ME Summit & Awards 2020

      Virtual OTT + Anti-Piracy Conference 2020

      Virtual OTT + Anti-Piracy Conference 2020

    • LIVE
    No Result
    View All Result
    BroadcastPro ME
    • News
      • All
      • TV/Radio Deals
      • Film partnerships
      • New appointments
      • Production
      • Mergers/Acquisitions
      • Satellite/Comms
      • AV
      • OTT/Video Streaming
      • International News
      • Analyst Reports
      • Satellite/Broadcasting
      Digital MIPTV opens today

      Digital MIPTV opens today

      WatchiT announces Ramadan line-up with discounted subscription offers

      WatchiT announces Ramadan line-up with discounted subscription offers

      SynProNize takes ATV’s Turkish drama series ‘Hercai’ to Pakistan

      SynProNize takes ATV’s Turkish drama series ‘Hercai’ to Pakistan

      Palestinian short film ‘The Present’ wins Bafta

      Palestinian short film ‘The Present’ wins Bafta

      2021 set to be year of programmatic advertising: Hoppr

      2021 set to be year of programmatic advertising: Hoppr

      UAE announces two new astronauts, including the first Arab woman astronaut

      UAE announces two new astronauts, including the first Arab woman astronaut

      Zee Plus enters into co-production partnership with Tokyo Broadcasting System

      Zee Plus enters into co-production partnership with Tokyo Broadcasting System

      New film commission to promote KSA’s AlUla county as filming destination

      New film commission to promote KSA’s AlUla county as filming destination

      Synergy releases official promo of ‘El Ekhteyar-2’

      Synergy releases official promo of ‘El Ekhteyar-2’

      Bollywood actor Shreyas Talpade launches OTT platform for theatre

      Bollywood actor Shreyas Talpade launches OTT platform for theatre

      Trending Tags

      • broadcast
      • MENA broadcast
      • ConnecTech2019
    • Tech Features
      • All
      • CASE STUDIES
      • TV/Radio Deals
      • REVIEWS
      • New Media
      From Adversity to Prosperity – CEO Panel

      From Adversity to Prosperity – CEO Panel

      Back to the future – Tech Panel

      Back to the future – Tech Panel

      What to expect in 2021 for broadcast industry! The experts speak

      What to expect in 2021 for broadcast industry! The experts speak

      Piracy – Unravelling the maze

      Piracy – Unravelling the maze

      Strategies to win the OTT race

      Strategies to win the OTT race

      The OTT journey – Learning from the experts

      The OTT journey – Learning from the experts

      Vox Pop Part One: Visualising the AR roadmap

      Vox Pop Part Two: Visualising the AR roadmap

      Vox Pop Part One: Visualising the AR roadmap

      Vox Pop Part One: Visualising the AR roadmap

      Premier League scraps pay-per-view model following backlash

      Premier League scraps pay-per-view model following backlash

      Shaping audio for broadcast

      Shaping audio for broadcast

      Trending Tags

      • Videos
        Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 2

        Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 4

        Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 2

        Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 3

        Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 2

        Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 2

        Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 1

        Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 1

        ASBU BroadcastPro ME Summit & Awards 2020

        ASBU BroadcastPro ME Summit & Awards 2020

        Y&C’s presents Back To The Books

        JTBC Studios presents Korean drama ‘The Good Detective’

        JTBC Studios presents Korean drama ‘The Good Detective’

        JTBC Studios Presents the Korean Drama ‘Graceful Friends’

        JTBC Studios Presents the Korean Drama ‘Graceful Friends’

        FormatEast Presents the Korean Entertainment ‘Lotto Singer’

        FormatEast Presents the Korean Entertainment ‘Lotto Singer’

      • Opinion
        Celebrating growth with BroadcastPro ME’s tenth anniversary

        Gearing up for a new normal in sports and broadcasting

        New normal inspires fresh storylines and alternative filming strategies

        The BroadcastPro awards and conferences : Taking it one step at a time

        AVOD: The best model for OTT success?

        AVOD: The best model for OTT success?

        Mobile LTE is key to simple and reliable live video contribution

        Mobile LTE is key to simple and reliable live video contribution

        How entertainment networks are fighting the pandemic

        How entertainment networks are fighting the pandemic

        New normal inspires fresh storylines and alternative filming strategies

        New normal inspires fresh storylines and alternative filming strategies

        Reviewing video content in the wake of Covid-19

        Reviewing video content in the wake of Covid-19

        Made in the UAE – with pride

        Made in the UAE – with pride

        Failing to prepare: Preparing to fail. Again?

        Failing to prepare: Preparing to fail. Again?

        Celebrating growth with BroadcastPro ME’s tenth anniversary

        Celebrating growth with BroadcastPro ME’s tenth anniversary

      • Interviews
        • All
        • Lounge
        In conversation with Abe Shady Aboul Naga, GM, Viu ME, PCCW Media Company

        In conversation with Abe Shady Aboul Naga, GM, Viu ME, PCCW Media Company

        Kaveh Farnam’s reel story

        Kaveh Farnam’s reel story

        Vox Pop Part One: Visualising the AR roadmap

        Vox Pop Part Two: Visualising the AR roadmap

        Vox Pop Part One: Visualising the AR roadmap

        Vox Pop Part One: Visualising the AR roadmap

        Will Covid-19 drive broadcasters into adopting IP?

        Will Covid-19 drive broadcasters into adopting IP?

        Vox Pop: The Road To IP

        Vox Pop: The Road To IP

        Let’s Tok Business: How TikTok is navigating the Middle East market

        Let’s Tok Business: How TikTok is navigating the Middle East market

        COVID-19: Its impact on the media world – Part II

        COVID-19: Its impact on the media world – Part II

        COVID-19: Its impact on the media world – Part I

        COVID-19: Its impact on the media world – Part I

        OSN: Back with a Bang

        OSN: Back with a Bang

      • Products
      • Magazine Archive
      • Events
        • Upcoming Events
        • News from Events

        BroadcastAsia 2021

        Cabsat 2021

        Cabsat 2021

        Future of Sports Broadcasting Summit 2021

        Future of Sports Broadcasting Summit 2021

        ASBU BroadcastPro ME Summit & Awards 2020

        ASBU BroadcastPro ME Summit & Awards 2020

        Virtual OTT + Anti-Piracy Conference 2020

        Virtual OTT + Anti-Piracy Conference 2020

      • LIVE
      No Result
      View All Result
      BroadcastPro ME
      No Result
      View All Result
      Home Opinion

      Can MENA broadcasters share the train set?

      Vijaya Cherian by Vijaya Cherian
      March 7, 2012
      in Opinion
      ShareTweetPostEmail

      Call me sentimental, but I love deals that are true collaborations, especially between parties who are traditionally rivals. In those situations, barriers are broken down, people get the opportunity to understand and respect others’ objectives and the whole is generally greater than the parts. The 2009 merger of Orbit and Showtime was a milestone in […]

      Nick Grande, Managing Director of strategic consultancy ChannelSculptor.

      Call me sentimental, but I love deals that are true collaborations, especially between parties who are traditionally rivals. In those situations, barriers are broken down, people get the opportunity to understand and respect others’ objectives and the whole is generally greater than the parts.

      The 2009 merger of Orbit and Showtime was a milestone in cooperation, but for me, the best example in the MENA TV industry is the ART-Showtime collaboration that lasted in one form or another from 1995 to 2007. It’s hard for a MENA newcomer to appreciate the rivalry and distrust that existed between them at the time. Their relationship was frosty, but despite this, they managed to maintain their joint “one card one box” policy for twelve years.

      One-card-one-box was wonderful for consumers, because it meant that if they had a subscription with either one of the networks, they could add a package from the other with just a phone call. Showtime and ART often clashed when it came to content auctions, but their common IRDETO encryption standard remained the most prevalent pay-TV platform in the region, peaking at well over a million paying subscribers with an ARPU across all packages of $20 for ART and $45

      for Showtime.

      The appetite for cooperation between regional media companies is seemingly not what it was. Across the MENA TV industry, some fabulous collaboration opportunities have come and gone over the past four years. To name just a few of them:

       HDTV over satellite

       In April 2009, I wrote an article on the 2010 World Cup, proposing that a single encrypted sporting event could create the perfect storm for satellite HDTV, galvanising the take-up of millions of MPEG4 set-top boxes. This take-up would protect pan-regional satellite DTH platforms from domestic IPTV alternatives for years to come. What was required was some cooperation between broadcasters. It didn’t happen. ART sold its rights to Al Jazeera, who broadcast the World Cup in standard definition, and didn’t share their platform. Three years on, there are still only about 300,000 HDTV viewers in the MENA region.

       HDTV over satellite again

      In 2010, the chairman of EchoStar was touring the GCC, encouraging regional broadcasters to launch high definition versions of their channels exclusively on a new network. At the same time, the YahLive satellite was encouraging channels to join their exclusive HD neighbourhood. Not to be outdone, regional set-top box importers and distributors were offering cash incentives to a major free-to-air network to launch HD on their networks. Together, these entities had wonderful synergies: international pay TV expertise, huge set-top box buying power, extensive high-quality satellite capacity, local distribution networks and very deep pockets. They chose instead to compete with one another. 

      IPTV content

      By late 2009, I had started thinking that maybe it wasn’t such a bad thing if pan-regional DTH operations annihilated each other through lack of cooperation. Perhaps from a consumer perspective, it would be better if they were all superseded by domestic TV networks run over IPTV.

      Domestic TV in the MENA region would mean people get to watch the channels that are relevant to them, and that advertisers would get to target local populations the same way they do on radio.

      The opportunities for cooperation between regional IPTV operators are endless, because every country is going through basically the same process. Better still, they are not really competitors because their customers are in different countries.

      The obvious starting point for cooperation is the biggest cost for any TV network: content acquisition. I reasoned that no individual telco could afford or need to buy pan-regional rights, but if they work together as a cooperative, they could outbid pan-regional DTH operators.

      A cooperative of (say) seven major regional telcos would have a huge combined buying power when compared even with the likes of MBC, OSN or ADM.

      But instead of a cooperative approach, regional telcos seem so far to be adopting a “last man standing” method. Each one is establishing itself as the regional aggregator, acquiring pan-regional content rights, and aiming to sublicense these rights to the other telcos.

      Effect of capital oversupply

      Unlike most established TV markets, the problem common to all these MENA TV stories is that there’s just too much investment capital coming from non-commercial sources, creating unviable investment strategies.

      With so much capital available, there is also a great desire to control the train set and little interest in sharing it.

      All large MENA broadcasters, (even those that are now cash flow positive), have invested hundreds of millions of dollars, and in some cases, billions since launch.

      Telcos have the capacity to do the same for their media businesses using funding from voice revenues.

      The examples above demonstrate that collaboration in the MENA TV industry is vital not simply as a means of sharing resources, but, more importantly, as a means of avoiding unnecessary and irrational competition.

      In the coming six months, we will witness a profound instance of MENA TV industry rivalry: the auction for the English Premier League (EPL) rights. At the time I wrote about the World Cup, MENA Pay TV was dominated by commercial entities (Showtime, ART and Orbit). Al Jazeera’s involvement in pay TV was relatively new, and Abu Dhabi Media (ADM) was a domestic free-to-air public service broadcaster.

      Fast forward three years, and all premium international sports rights in the region are owned either by Abu Dhabi or Doha. It is logical to assume that commercial pay-TV operators will stand well back as the economic might of Al Jazeera and ADM are pitted against each other for the 2013-2016 renewal of EPL rights.

      You can probably guess where I am going with this: Abu Dhabi Media and Al Jazeera should work together. Specifically, they should submit a bid for joint MENA exclusivity.

      Bid strategy for EPL rights

      No MENA commercial pay TV network could justify a bid in excess of $150 million over three years, so ADM and Al Jazeera might expect to pay as little as $80-90m each, assuming they bid jointly.

      By comparison, if they bid independently for exclusive rights, the winning bid would likely exceed $400m, and could be a lot higher.

      The idea of either of these two rivals giving up exclusivity and cooperating might seem unlikely, and of course I cannot speak on behalf of either entity, but here are some factors to consider:

      * If either party pays in excess of $400m for EPL rights, it is inconceivable that it will ever recoup this money based on its existing pricing

      * Al Jazeera Sports seeks to have a comprehensive international football offering. The absence of EPL is a big gap in its programming line-up, but EPL exclusivity is not critical, as Jazeera’s existing exclusive offering already includes UEFA Champions League, Serie A and La Liga

      * Abu Dhabi TV Network’s offering is currently dependent on EPL, but it also has a broader content offering focusing on HD as a differentiator, and this seems to be its strategic direction

      Perhaps ADM has not yet amassed a wide enough spectrum of channel genres to be able to call itself a comprehensive entertainment package, but with its recent addition of MBC HD channels, it is moving in the right direction.

      Maintaining EPL for a further three years would surely help ADM retain its existing customers in the short and medium term, and give the network space to expand its HD content offering across other genres of content if this is what it aims to do.

      Finally, there is actually a precedent for this idea. ART and Showtime, those bitter rivals that I spoke of earlier, shared EPL rights from 1998 to 2001. At that time, they paid the princely sum of $1.5 million per annum each.

      Of course, the overriding question is whether a saving of $300 million is sufficient reason for both ADM and Al Jazeera to consider sharing.

      Abu Dhabi and Doha each has a capital base of a large industrial country.

      The current trend of non-commercial capital skewing the MENA TV industry looks set to continue.

      This column has been authored by Nick Grande, MD of ChannelSculptor, a strategic consultancy providing services to MENA media businesses, international broadcasters and content owners since 2008.

       

      Related Posts

      The Future Group AS announces Pixotope V 1.5

      The Future Group AS announces Pixotope V 1.5

      April 12, 2021
      LTN Global launches signalling solution for national linear TV advertising

      LTN Global launches signalling solution for national linear TV advertising

      April 12, 2021
      Digital MIPTV opens today

      Digital MIPTV opens today

      April 12, 2021
      Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 2

      Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 4

      April 12, 2021
      WatchiT announces Ramadan line-up with discounted subscription offers

      WatchiT announces Ramadan line-up with discounted subscription offers

      April 12, 2021
      SynProNize takes ATV’s Turkish drama series ‘Hercai’ to Pakistan

      SynProNize takes ATV’s Turkish drama series ‘Hercai’ to Pakistan

      April 12, 2021

      Related News

      The Future Group AS announces Pixotope V 1.5

      The Future Group AS announces Pixotope V 1.5

      April 12, 2021
      LTN Global launches signalling solution for national linear TV advertising

      LTN Global launches signalling solution for national linear TV advertising

      April 12, 2021
      Digital MIPTV opens today

      Digital MIPTV opens today

      April 12, 2021
      Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 4

      Ramadan Snippets with Heba Korayem – Part 4

      April 12, 2021
      WatchiT announces Ramadan line-up with discounted subscription offers

      WatchiT announces Ramadan line-up with discounted subscription offers

      April 12, 2021
      SynProNize takes ATV’s Turkish drama series ‘Hercai’ to Pakistan

      SynProNize takes ATV’s Turkish drama series ‘Hercai’ to Pakistan

      April 12, 2021
      More Related News

      Popular Stories

      • Pharaoh’s Golden Parade to broadcast on 400+ TV channels globally

        Pharaoh’s Golden Parade to broadcast on 400+ TV channels globally

        3701 shares
        Share 1480 Tweet 925
      • SES and Luxembourg expand reach of SATMED telemedicine project

        1709 shares
        Share 684 Tweet 427
      • Dubai TV and Sama Dubai announce Ramadan line-up

        1160 shares
        Share 464 Tweet 290
      • Art Format Lab inks deal with Nahdet Misr to co-produce Arabic content

        884 shares
        Share 354 Tweet 221
      • MultiChoice Ghana launches WildEarth Channel on DStv

        876 shares
        Share 350 Tweet 219

      BroadcastPro ME

      • About
      • Advertise
      • Subscribe
      • Magazine Archive
      • Directory
      • Contact
      • Privacy

      Follow us on Social Media

      No Result
      View All Result
      • News
      • Tech Features
      • Videos
      • Opinion
      • Interviews
      • Products
      • Magazine Archive
      • Events
      • LIVE

      Login to your account below

      Forgotten Password?

      Fill the forms bellow to register

      All fields are required. Log In

      Retrieve your password

      Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.

      Log In
      ×